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Explanation of terms - Glossary from A to Z

Ballistic vest: Why ceramics from Schunk make the difference

Whether in crisis areas, for special forces or in civilian personal protection, ballistic vests save lives. But what many people don't know is that the effective protection provided by these vests is based on a high-tech material that Schunk has perfected: high-performance technical ceramics.

Ballistic protection does not begin with the vest, but with the ceramic plate that deforms impacts, breaks projectiles, and absorbs their kinetic energy. This is exactly where Schunk comes in: With materials such as SafeGuard GD (RBSiC) or SafeGuard B4C (RBB4C), the company supplies the central protective component of modern hard ballistics systems.

Schunk combines more than 30 years of material expertise with forward-looking manufacturing technology: pressure-cast ceramics for stable series quality and the patented IntrinSiC® 3D printing process, which enables even complex protective structures with low weight.

Military and police organizations in over 20 NATO countries rely on this technology – a testament to the high level of protection achieved by the ceramics used.

Ceramics are what make ballistic vests truly safe – and Schunk provides the backbone of this safety.

Ballistic vest at a glance

What is a ballistic vest?

Ballistic vests – also known as protective vests – are portable protective systems designed to protect against projectiles, shrapnel, and other threats. They are used worldwide by police, military, special forces, and increasingly in the civilian sector.

Structure and function

A ballistic vest basically consists of two central components:

  1. Soft ballistics: This primarily protects against knife attacks and low-energy projectiles.
  2. Hard ballistics: Hard inserts are necessary for protection against high-velocity projectiles such as armor-piercing ammunition – this is where ceramic plates come into play.
     

These ceramic plates are inserted into pockets and are designed to break, fragment, and slow down a projectile upon impact. The remaining energy is absorbed by the soft ballistics underneath.

Protection classes and standards

The protective effect is evaluated internationally according to standards such as NIJ, SK, or STANAG. Only with a hard ballistics component can vests achieve the highest protection classes (e.g., SK4, NIJ IV).

Important: The efficiency of such systems depends heavily on the choice of materials—especially the ceramic used.

Lightweight. Strong. Safe.

Ceramic components: The heart of modern protective vests

The protective effect of ballistic vests stands and falls with hard ballistics. While soft ballistics offer only limited protection, the quality of the ceramic plate determines its ability to stop even high-velocity projectiles.

Why ceramics?

Ceramics are extremely hard, lightweight, and brittle—ideal properties for taking the edge off projectiles. They fragment the bullet, distribute the energy, and prevent penetration.

Compared to traditional materials such as aluminum oxide or steel, Schunk's high-end ceramics offer superior performance at a lower weight – a decisive advantage for wearing comfort and mobility.

Advantages of ceramic materials

  • Extreme hardness up to 29,000 MPa (Vickers)
  • Low weight, e.g., SafeGuard B4C with only 2.85 g/cm³
  • High multi-impact capability
  • Custom shapes thanks to 3D printing (e.g., female plates)
  • Resistant to corrosion, heat, and oxidation
     

The ceramic is invisible – but without it, no vest is truly safe.

Why Schunk?

Innovative materials from Schunk for ballistic protection

Schunk is a technology leader in ceramic materials for hard ballistics. The company offers: Whether for military protection, police equipment or aviation, Schunk ceramics form the load-bearing protective element in modern systems.

Ceramic materials for protective vests

Three materials – maximum protection

 Material microstructure of the technical properties and surface structure of CarSIK-G & CarSIK-Z.

CarSIK-GD (SafeGuard GD)

 

  • Die-cast RBSiC
  • Density: 3.10 g/cm³
  • Hardness: 25,000 MPa
  • Ideal for government solutions
Material microstructure of the technical properties and surface structure of CarSIK-B4C

CarSIK-B4C (SafeGuard B4C)

 

  • RBB4C with only 2.85 g/cm³
  • Hardness: 29,000 MPa
  • Especially for military applications
Material microstructure of the technical properties and surface structure of IntrinSiC

IntrinSiC® & IntrinSiC® B4C

 

  • 3D-printed RBSiC or RBB4C
  • Freely formable geometries
  • Ideal for customized applications with lightweight construction requirements

Comparison: properties of ceramic materials

SafeGuard GD
  • Type: RBSiC

  • Density: 3.10 g/cm³

  • Hardness (HV0.1): 25,000 MPa

  • Flexural Strength: 280 MPa

  • Modulus of Elasticity: 360 GPa

  • Special Feature: Good cost efficiency

SafeGuard B4C
  • Type: RBB4C

  • Density: 2.85 g/cm³

  • Hardness (HV0.1): 29,000 MPa

  • Flexural Strength: 220 MPa

  • Modulus of Elasticity: 350 GPa

  • Special Feature: Highest hardness, very lightweight

IntrinSiC®
  • Type: RBSiC 3D

  • Density: 3.05 g/cm³

  • Hardness (HV0.1): 25,000 MPa

  • Flexural Strength: 210 MPa

  • Modulus of Elasticity: 380 GPa

  • Special Feature: Design freedom through 3D printing

IntrinSiC® B4C
  • Type: RBB4C 3D

  • Density: 2.88 g/cm³

  • Hardness (HV0.1): 29,000 MPa

  • Flexural Strength: 160 MPa

  • Modulus of Elasticity: 270 GPa

  • Special Feature: 3D printing with maximum lightweight performance

SafeGuard NG
  • Type: NSiC

  • Density: 2.85 g/cm³

  • Hardness (HV0.1): 25,000 MPa

  • Flexural Strength: 200 MPa

  • Modulus of Elasticity: 220 GPa

  • Special Feature: Cost-effective entry-level option, casting process

Performance from ceramics

Areas of application for ceramic protective solutions

 Icon of a soldier with the label "Body Armor"

Personal protection

  • Protective plates for police and military
  • Special shapes (e.g., female plates)
  • Protection classes: NIJ IV, SK4, STANAG 6
 Icon of an armored vehicle with the label "Vehicle Armor"

Vehicle armour

  • Polygonal plates for surface cladding
  • Multiple hit capability
  • Weight advantage thanks to ceramic structure
 Icon of a helicopter with the label "Aircraft Armor"

Aviation

  • Complex ceramic segments (e.g. for helicopters)
  • Minimal weight with high protective effect
  • Ideal for dynamic loads
Safety through ceramics

Ceramics as a key technology for reliable protection

Ceramic materials are at the heart of modern protection systems – invisible, but indispensable. With SafeGuard GD, SafeGuard B4C, and IntrinSiC®, Schunk not only supplies excellent materials, but also a technological edge that makes protection systems lighter, more powerful, and more customizable.

Ceramics are not just a material – they are safety. And Schunk delivers them.